In this report, the Congressional Budget Office analyzes the recent availability, use, and operating and support costs of stealthy F-35 fighter aircraft. Programwide operating and support costs exceeded $5 billion in 2023. The F-35 has three variants: the …
This letter responds to a request for an analysis of the distributional effects of H.R. 1, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, and updates the preliminary analysis the Congressional Budget Office provided in the letter dated May 20, 2025. CBO and the staff of …
Cash transfers consist of Social Security benefits, Supplemental Security Income, unemployment insurance, workers' compensation, income from the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families and State General Assistance programs, and changes to cash flows …
S. 259 would require the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to publish annually a list of entities with ties to China, Iran, North Korea, or Russia that hold licenses or authorizations granted by the commission. Based on information from the FCC, CBO …
Bill Summary H.R. 1336 would require the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to provide hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) to veterans diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder or traumatic brain injury. The bill also would require the Government …
S. 1003 would require the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to issue a rule that shark attacks are an event for which wireless emergency alerts may be transmitted. Based on the cost of similar activities, CBO estimates that the administrative costs …
H.R. 2139 would require the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to develop a training program to enhance nonfederal law enforcement agencies’ preparedness for and response to transnational repression and related terrorist threats. The bill also would …
H.R. 1508 would codify the Special Event Assessment Rating (SEAR) program that the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) currently administers. Under that program, state and local governments submit events to an inter-agency working group that assesses …
H.R. 2116 would require the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to conduct a public service outreach campaign to educate the public and international allies about transnational repression and related terrorist threats. The outreach campaign would include …
H.R. 4 would rescind discretionary appropriations in accordance with a Presidential request transmitted to the Congress pursuant to section 1012(a) of the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974.
As ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on April 30, 2025
The federal budget deficit totaled $1.4 trillion in the first eight months of fiscal year 2025, the Congressional Budget Office estimates. That amount is $160 billion more than the deficit recorded during the same period last fiscal year. Revenues …
H.R. 1107 would permanently authorize certain health care professionals employed by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to prescribe, deliver, and dispense controlled substances to eligible VA patients via telemedicine, regardless of whether they have …
H.R. 2096 would amend sections of the Comprehensive Policing and Justice Reform Amendment Act of 2022 (D.C. Law 24-345), which modified District of Columbia police disciplinary procedures. Because the bill would only affect the District of Columbia, CBO …
H.R. 884 would prohibit noncitizens from voting in District of Columbia elections. The bill also would repeal D.C. Law 24-242, the Local Resident Voting Rights Amendment Act of 2022, which permits noncitizens to vote in the District’s local elections. …
CBO responds to a request from Senator Merkley for information about how federal deficits and debt held by the public would be affected by enacting H.R. 1, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, as passed by the House of Representatives on May 22, 2025. CBO and …
In this report, the Congressional Budget Office estimates how the surge in immigration that began in 2021 affected state and local budgets in 2023. In addition to estimating the direct effects of the surge, CBO calculated an alternative measure that …
Estimated budgetary effects of H.R. 1, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, as passed by the House of Representatives on May 22, 2025. CBO has not reviewed the legislation for effects on spending subject to appropriation. CBO has not yet completed an analysis …
This letter responds to a request for the Congressional Budget Office to estimate the budgetary and economic effects of increases in tariffs implemented through executive action between January 6 and May 13, 2025. The following estimates for the 2025–2035 …
H.R. 248 would require Amtrak to install baby changing tables in at least one restroom per rail car on all passenger trains purchased after enactment, including restrooms that are subject to the requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 ( …
