Introduction Autism is a group of neurodevelopmental conditions exhibiting persistent social communication deficits, accompanied by repetitive sensory motor behaviours and restricted interests (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Researchers have long …
The composition of fiber types within skeletal muscle impacts the tissue’s physiological characteristics and susceptibility to disease and ageing. In vitro systems should therefore account for fiber-type composition when modelling muscle conditions. To …
Introduction Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85% of all lung cancer cases, with adenocarcinoma being the most common form of NSCLC. It is associated with high mortality rates as the majority of patients are diagnosed with advanced …
Abstract Disordered immune responses and cholesterol metabolism have been implicated in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness in elderly individuals. SULT2B1, the key enzyme of sterol sulfonation, plays important roles in …
Introduction Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified hundreds to thousands of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) robustly associated with breast cancer risk and other complex phenotypes (Michailidou et al, 2017; Zhang et al, 2020). …
Introduction Retinoic acid, the metabolite of vitamin A, is the natural ligand of nuclear RA (retinoic acid) receptors and regulates the transcription of genes containing the RA response element (RARE). By recruiting either nuclear receptor coactivators or …
Introduction Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a pregnancy complication associated with a higher risk of perinatal morbidity, mortality, and poor health outcomes in infants (Unterscheider & Cuzzilla, 2021). Inadequate nutrition in utero is one of the …
Introduction Rod and cone photoreceptors are essential for vision and phototransduction. Retinitis pigmentosa (RP, OMIM #268000), also known as Retinopathia Pigmenti or rod-cone dystrophy, is an inherited condition caused by progressive degeneration …
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are the most aggressive breast cancers, and therapeutic options mainly rely on chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Although synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs) are given to alleviate the side effects of these treatments, GCs …
Introduction The interchangeable transformation between cells displaying epithelial or mesenchymal characteristics (epithelial–mesenchymal transition [EMT]) facilitates both the migration of cells in a mesenchymal state and the subsequent re-establishment …
Introduction Ovarian granulosa cells have evolutionarily conserved steroidogenic functions mainly controlled by the consecutive actions of pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). FSH induces granulosa cells’ estradiol …
Introduction Dexamethasone (Dex), a synthetic glucocorticoid (GC) known for its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities, in combination with immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) and proteasome inhibitors (PIs), is the standard induction treatment in …
Introduction Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have been widely successful in treating hematologic cancers (Lim and June, 2017; Ellis et al, 2021). CAR T cells are engineered to express CAR molecules which bind to antigens overexpressed in tumor …
Abstract Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the main subtype of lung cancer. The role of hPCL3 isoforms, hPCL3S and hPCL3L, remains ambiguous. This study examines the functional implications of these isoforms in NSCLC, using lung cancer cell lines A549 …
Introduction The activity of protein arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) is comprehensively involved in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) partly through the production of immunogenic neoepitopes (1). Accordingly, altered PAD4 activity is amongst the …
Introduction Apoptosis or programmed cell death is a fundamental cellular process. First described in 1972 as a clean way to eliminate cells (Kerr et al, 1972), apoptosis is recognized as an integral part of development since 1985, with the discovery of …
Introduction Anemia is the most common hematologic abnormality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and often accompanies disease flare (Velo-García et al, 2016; Anderson et al, 2018; Akilesh et al, 2019). The commonest cause of anemia in …
Introduction Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a continuum of liver abnormalities ranging from NAFL to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, with a global prevalence of ∼25% (Friedman et al, 2018). NAFLD can gradually develop from fatty liver to …
Introduction Organ fibrosis is an unfavorable consequence of chronic inflammation characterized by an excessive accumulation of ECM. In the kidney, fibrosis is the ultimate stage of the cellular response to chronic inflammation and the converging …
Introduction Previous cancer genomic studies across lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) patients have revealed recurrent mutations in the splicing factor U2AF1 (Brooks et al, 2014; Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network, 2014; Campbell et al, 2016). U2AF1 is an …
