Introduction Macrophages are a central part of the innate immune system and represent the first line of defense against invading pathogens (Lavin et al, 2015; Levin et al, 2016). By recognizing non-self cells, and by clearing cell debris, macrophages are …
Introduction The maintenance of homeostasis in the gut epithelium is a complex process that requires epithelial cells to rapidly alter gene expression patterns to regulate cell survival, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and cell-to-cell …
Introduction Understanding the effect of genetic variants on cellular phenotype can provide new insights into cellular regulatory mechanisms and disease pathogenesis. This is independent of whether these variants are inherited (germline) or acquired ( …
Introduction Mitochondria use the electron transport chain (ETC) complexes to convert energy gained from the oxidation of nutrients into an electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane that is then used to drive ATP synthesis through …
Introduction Neurotransmitter release at presynaptic active zones (AZs) is fundamental for information processing within the nervous system (Südhof, 2012; Neher & Brose, 2018; Emperador-Melero & Kaeser, 2020). The AZ scaffold comprises a core set …
Introduction Huntington’s disease (HD) is a fatal autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease arising from the expansion of a glutamine-coding CAG tract near the 5′ end of huntingtin (HTT) (MacDonald et al, 1993). Progressive changes in mood, cognition, …
Introduction Eukaryotic genomes are globally partitioned into two major active and inactive A and B compartments, or euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively, which largely contribute to cell-type gene expression programming. High-resolution genome …
Prostate cancer (PCa) poses a significant health threat to males, and research has shown that fish oil (FO) can impede PCa progression by activating multiple mitochondria-related pathways. Our research is focused on investigating the impact of FO on …
Introduction Mitochondria are organelles in which cellular respiration occurs, and a variety of other biosynthetic processes, such as the regulation of Ca2+, apoptosis, and the production of reactive oxygen species (Jeong & Seol, 2008; Tilokani et al, …
Introduction Active vitamin D (VD) plays a key role in regulating calcium and phosphate metabolism in bones and the intestinal tract, and having other physiological effects through its interaction with the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a member of the nuclear …
Results In vitro reconstitution of the RIPK2–XIAP BIR2 complex and its stoichiometry The interaction between RIPK2 and XIAP occurs between the kinase domain of RIPK2 (residues 1–300) and the BIR2 domain of XIAP (Krieg et al, 2009; Goncharov et al, 2018; …
Introduction As the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) enters its fourth year with more than 760 million cases worldwide, it still poses significant challenges for patients, families, and health systems. SARS-CoV-2, similar to other …
Pluripotency is defined as the cellular ability to differentiate into all three germ layers of the embryo. In contrast, totipotency can be defined as the ability of a cell to contribute to all lineages in an organism (Ishiuchi & Torres-Padilla, 2013; …
Introduction Ras proteins are a family of small GTPases primarily localized to the plasma membrane (PM) and function as molecular switches, cycling between a GDP-bound inactive state and a GTP-bound active state (McCormick, 2016; Chen et al, 2021). In …
Introduction The protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) family methylates arginine residues on target proteins, a common post-translational modification previously implicated in transcription, RNA processing, mRNA translation, signal transduction, and …
Abstract Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a crucial role in cancer development, primarily activated by β-catenin forming a transcription complex with LEF/TCF in the nucleus and initiating the transcription of Wnt target genes. Here, we report that LEF1, a …
Introduction Genetic mutations that disrupt mitochondrial gene expression can lead to the defective assembly of respiratory chain (RC) complexes and appear to be a frequent cause of mitochondrial diseases. Myopathies, muscle diseases, are the most common …
Introduction Mitochondrial diseases, characterised by impaired oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), can be caused by pathogenic variants in either the mitochondrial or nuclear genomes. The most common cause of mitochondrial disease in adults is the …
Obesity is a metabolic state of energy excess associated with systemic alterations in host physiology including hormone dysregulation, insulin resistance, inflammation, and microbial dysbiosis. Despite years of research, there remains a lack of consensus …
Introduction Primary liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide (1). The prognosis for this cancer is poor, with curative strategies feasible only in a minority of cases (10–20%) (2). …
