COVID-19 vaccines: key facts
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a type of molecule that exists naturally in the body and helps make proteins.
The cells in the body translate the information in the mRNA molecule to produce specific proteins.
Animal studies for Comirnaty, in which much higher doses of mRNA were used than in the final vaccine given to people, found that the mRNA and lipid nanoparticles stayed mainly at the injection site and lymph nodes where they are able to stimulate the immune response.
In these cases, only small amounts of mRNA were shown to reach other tissues, mainly the liver but also the spleen, heart, kidney, lung and brain.
Levels of mRNA decreased over 6 to 9 days after injection, just like mRNA produced by the body.
For Spikevax (previously COVID-19 Vaccine Moderna), animal studies were carried out using an mRNA vaccine that is similar to Spikevax.
The results only detected small amounts of mRNA in tissues beyond the injection site. After 1 to 3 days, the mRNA was found only at the injection site, the lymph nodes and the spleen. Based on these findings, at the time of authorisation, no build-up of mRNA or lipid nanoparticles in the organs was expected.
Since then, hundreds of millions of people have used the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines throughout the world. Intensive safety monitoring of COVID-19 vaccines has not detected any safety issue linked to the distribution of these vaccines in the human body.
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