June 2012 Blended Land and Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies in degrees Celsius

The average global temperature across land and oceans during June 2012 was 0.63°C (1.13°F) above the 20^th century average of 15.5°C (59.9°F) and ranked as the fourth warmest June since records began in 1880. June 2012 also marks the 36^th consecutive June and 328^th consecutive month with a global temperature above the 20^th century average. The last below-average June temperature was June 1976 and the last below-average temperature for any month was February 1985. It was the second warmest June in the Northern Hemisphere, behind only the record warmth of 2010. The Southern Hemisphere had its 12^th warmest June on record.

The global land surface temperature for June was 1.07°C (1.93°F) above the 20^th century average of 13.3°C (55.9°F), the warmest June on record. This is the second month in a row that the global land temperature was the warmest on record for that month.

The Northern Hemisphere average land temperature, where the majority of Earth's land is located, was record warmest for June. This makes three months in a row — April, May, and June — in which record-high monthly land temperature records were set. Most areas experienced much higher-than-average monthly temperatures, including most of North America and Eurasia, and northern Africa. Only northern and western Europe, and the northwestern United States were notably cooler than average.

• Austria recorded its highest ever June temperature of 37.7°C (99.9°F) on June 30^th in two locations — the capital city of Vienna and in German-Altenburg, Nope. This bests the previous record of 37.2°C (98.9°F) set on June 22^nd, 2000 in both Lutmannburg, Burganland and Langenlebarn, Nope. The monthly temperature averaged across Austria was the sixth warmest June since national records began 250 years ago.
• Norway experienced its 25^th coolest June since records began in 1900, at 1.2°C (2.2°F) below average. Parts of eastern Norway observed temperatures that were 2–3°C (3.6–4.5°F) below their local monthly averages.
• The monthly temperature during June in the United Kingdom was 0.3°C (0.5°F) below the 1971–2000 average, making this the coolest June since 1991.

The Southern Hemisphere land temperature was the 20^th warmest on record.

• Australia remained cooler than average during June. The average daytime (maximum) temperature was 0.27°C (0.49°F) below the 1961–1990 average, while the nighttime (minimum) temperature had a greater departure, 0.94°C (1.69°F) below average.

Across the world's oceans, the June average global sea surface temperature was 0.47°C (0.85°F) above the 20^th century average of 16.4°C (61.5°F), the 10^th warmest June on record. Ocean temperatures were notably below average in the northeastern Pacific Ocean and much higher than average in the northeast Atlantic and in the Labrador Sea near Greenland. The region of the equatorial Pacific Ocean where ENSO conditions are measured also trended higher than average in June. NOAA's Climate Prediction Center issued an El Niño watch, and stated that there is an increased chance for El Niño beginning in July–September 2012.

June	Anomaly		Rank (out of 133 years)		Records
	°C	°F			Year(s)	°C	°F
Global
Land	+1.07 ± 0.13	+1.93 ± 0.23	Warmest	1st	2012	+1.07	+1.93
			Coolest	133rd	1907	-0.60	-1.08
Ocean	+0.47 ± 0.04	+0.85 ± 0.07	Warmest	10th	1998	+0.59	+1.06
			Coolest	124th	1909, 1911	-0.50	-0.90
	Ties: 2011
Land and Ocean	+0.63 ± 0.07	+1.13 ± 0.13	Warmest	4th	2010	+0.67	+1.21
			Coolest	130th	1911	-0.44	-0.79
Northern Hemisphere
Land	+1.30 ± 0.14	+2.34 ± 0.25	Warmest	1st	2012	+1.30	+2.34
			Coolest	133rd	1907	-0.66	-1.19
Ocean	+0.46 ± 0.04	+0.83 ± 0.07	Warmest	11th	2009	+0.62	+1.12
			Coolest	123rd	1910	-0.53	-0.95
	Ties: 2001, 2011
Land and Ocean	+0.78 ± 0.10	+1.40 ± 0.18	Warmest	2nd	2010	+0.80	+1.44
			Coolest	132nd	1913	-0.47	-0.85
Southern Hemisphere
Land	+0.47 ± 0.11	+0.85 ± 0.20	Warmest	20th	2005	+1.05	+1.89
			Coolest	114th	1893	-1.00	-1.80
Ocean	+0.48 ± 0.04	+0.86 ± 0.07	Warmest	10th	1998	+0.60	+1.08
			Coolest	124th	1911	-0.55	-0.99
	Ties: 2011
Land and Ocean	+0.48 ± 0.06	+0.86 ± 0.11	Warmest	12th	1998	+0.63	+1.13
			Coolest	122nd	1911	-0.61	-1.10

Year-to-date (January–June)

–January–June 2012

• Alaska had its 16^th coolest January–June since records began in 1918, with a temperature 1.5°C (2.7°F) below the 1971–2000 average.

Of note, the year-to-date global anomalies for 2012 have increased each month as the year has progressed and La Niña conditions waned — January: +0.35°C (+0.65°F); January–February: +0.37°C (+0.67°F); January–March: +0.39°C (+0.70°F); January–April: +0.46°C (+0.83°F); January–May: +0.50°C (+0.90°F), and January–June: +0.52°C (+0.94°F). The record for the warmest January–June was set in 2010, with a temperature that was 0.70°C (1.26°F) above average.

The January–June worldwide land surface temperature was 0.88°C (1.58°F ) above the 20^th century average, marking the sixth warmest such period on record.

The global ocean surface temperature for the year to date was 0.39°C (0.70°F) above average and ranked as the 12^th warmest such period on record. This was the warmest monthly departure from average since August 2010.

January–June	Anomaly		Rank (out of 133 years)		Records
	°C	°F			Year(s)	°C	°F
–Global
Land	+0.88 ± 0.21	+1.58 ± 0.38	Warmest	6th	2007	+1.19	+2.14
			Coolest	128th	1893	-0.85	-1.53
Ocean	+0.39 ± 0.04	+0.70 ± 0.07	Warmest	12th	1998	+0.57	+1.03
			Coolest	122nd	1911	-0.51	-0.92
Land and Ocean	+0.52 ± 0.09	+0.94 ± 0.16	Warmest	11th	2010	+0.70	+1.26
			Coolest	123rd	1911	-0.50	-0.90
–Northern Hemisphere
Land	+1.04 ± 0.26	+1.87 ± 0.47	Warmest	5th	2007	+1.38	+2.48
			Coolest	129th	1893	-0.96	-1.73
Ocean	+0.38 ± 0.05	+0.68 ± 0.09	Warmest	9th	2010	+0.56	+1.01
			Coolest	125th	1910	-0.48	-0.86
	Ties: 2006
Land and Ocean	+0.63 ± 0.14	+1.13 ± 0.25	Warmest	7th	2007	+0.81	+1.46
			Coolest	127th	1893	-0.59	-1.06
–Southern Hemisphere
Land	+0.46 ± 0.16	+0.83 ± 0.29	Warmest	17th	2005	+0.95	+1.71
			Coolest	117th	1917	-0.85	-1.53
	Ties: 1993, 2001
Ocean	+0.41 ± 0.04	+0.74 ± 0.07	Warmest	13th	1998	+0.60	+1.08
			Coolest	121st	1911	-0.53	-0.95
	Ties: 1999
Land and Ocean	+0.42 ± 0.07	+0.76 ± 0.13	Warmest	13th	1998	+0.65	+1.17
			Coolest	121st	1911	-0.55	-0.99
	Ties: 1988, 1992, 1999

The most current data June be accessed via the Global Surface Temperature Anomalies page.

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Images of sea surface temperature conditions are available for all weeks during 2012 from the weekly SST page.

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Precipitation

The maps below represent anomaly values based on the GHCN dataset of land surface stations using a base period of 1961–1990. As is typical, precipitation anomalies during June 2012 varied significantly around the world.

• Low pressure systems brought the United Kingdom its wettest June since national records began in 1910. England and Wales each tied with 1860 as the wettest June since their records began in 1766.
• The Southwest Asian monsoon made its way northward across India during June. As of June 27^th, the country as whole reported monthly rainfall that was 77 percent of the average amount received. Regionally, northwest India was just 37 percent of average, while east and northeast India was wetter than usual, at 104 percent of average. By the last week in June, the monsoon had reached central India.

Additional details on flooding and drought events around the world can also be found on the June 2012 Global Hazards page.

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References

Peterson, T.C. and R.S. Vose, 1997: An Overview of the Global Historical Climatology Network Database. Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 78, 2837-2849.

Quayle, R.G., T.C. Peterson, A.N. Basist, and C. S. Godfrey, 1999: An operational near-real-time global temperature index. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 333-335.

Smith, T.M., and R.W. Reynolds (2005), A global merged land air and sea surface temperature reconstruction based on historical observations (1880-1997), J. Clim., 18, 2021-2036.

Smith, et al (2008), Improvements to NOAA's Historical Merged Land-Ocean Surface Temperature Analysis (1880-2006), J. Climate., 21, 2283-2293.

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