Breast cancer is a type of cancer that develops from breast tissue. It is unsolicited by gender, but it is common in women and the leading cause of death.

NEW YORK, USA, August 1, 2022 /EINPresswire.com/ -- Breast cancer is a cancer type that develops from breast tissue. It is unsolicited by gender, but it is far more common in women and the leading cause of cancer death. However, studies have shown that boron clusters inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells and thus are promising anti-cancer agents.

Breast cancer develops when cells mutate and continue to form uncontrollably, shaping a mass or tumor. It can metastasize by spreading to other body parts and developing new tumors. There are various types of breast cancer based on where cancer begins in the breast. The breast is a glandular, ductal, and fatty tissue organ located on the top ribs and chest muscles.

Types of Cancer

The types of breast cancer are determined by the type of breast cells impacted.

Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma - This cancer begins in your breast milk ducts and expands to nearby tissues after breaking through the duct wall. This is the most popular form, responsible for nearly 80% of all cases.

In situ ductal carcinoma - Also known as Stage 0 breast cancer, is considered precancerous by some because the cells have not spread far above your milk ducts. This condition can be easily treated. However, immediate treatment is required to keep cancer from becoming invasive and extending to other tissues.

Infiltrating Lobular Carcinoma - This cancer began in your breast lobules (where breast milk is produced) and has expanded to adjoining breast tissue. It is responsible for 10% to 15% of all the cases.

Lobular carcinoma in situ - A precancerous situation due to abnormal cells in your breast lobules. Although it is not true cancer, this marker can suggest the existence of breast cancer later in life. Women with lobular carcinoma in situ should have medical breast exams and mammograms regularly.

Triple-negative Breast Cancer is one of the most challenging cancers to treat, accounting for about 15% of all cases. It is triple-negative as it lacks three indicators linked to various breast cancer. This complicates prognosis and treatment.

Inflammatory Breast Cancer - This rare and aggressive cancer looks like an infection. Redness, bloating, pitting, and dimpling of the breast skin are common symptoms of inflammatory cancer. Obstructive cancer cells in their skin's lymph vessels cause it.

Paget's disease - This cancer can affect the nipple and areola skin (the skin around your nipple).

Stages of Breast Cancer

Staging describes how much cancer is present in your body. Factors like the tumor location, size, and whether cancer has traveled to other body parts affect the cancer staging.

Stage 0: The cancerous cells are only found in the ducts and haven't extended to other tissues.
Stage 1: The tumor is up to 2 cm. This hasn't affected any lymph nodes, and only small clusters of cancer cells exist.
Stage 2: The tumor is 2 cm in diameter and has started to extend to nearby nodes; otherwise, it is 2–5 cm in diameter and has not spread to the surrounding nodes.
Stage 3: The tumor has extended to several lymph nodes and is up to 5 cm across; otherwise, it is larger than 5 cm and has extended to a few lymph nodes.
Stage 4: Cancer has traveled to distant organs, most commonly the bones, liver, brain, or lungs.

Breast Cancer Symptoms

Breast or armpit lump or thickening
Breast's size or shape change
Dimpling in the breast skin
Nipple converting into the breast
Other than breast milk, nipple discharge. The discharge may occur suddenly, be bloody, or affect only one breast.
Scaly, red, or swollen skin around the nipple or breast
Breast pain in any area

Breast Cancer Causes

Female breasts after puberty are comprised of connective tissue, fat, and thousands of lobules. These are small glands that produce milk. Milk is then carried to the nipple via tiny tubes called ducts.
This cancer is caused by genetic mutations or DNA damage. These can be linked to estrogen exposure, inherited genetic abnormalities, or cancer-causing genes, like the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes.
A healthy person's body attacks any irregular DNA or growths. This does not occur when an individual has cancer.
Cells inside breast tissue grow and multiply uncontrollably and do not die as they usually would. This excessive cell growth results in the formation of tumor cells, which deprives neighboring cells of nutrients and energy.
It typically begins in the inner lining of the ducts or lobules that supply milk to them. It can then spread to other body parts.

Risk factors

The following factors have been linked to a higher risk of breast cancer:
Being a woman
Getting older
If you've had a breast biopsy that revealed lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) or atypical breast hyperplasia, you're at a higher risk.
If you've ever had cancer in one breast, you're more likely to develop cancer in the other.
If your mother, sister, or daughter was diagnosed with this cancer, especially when they were young, your risk enhances.
Specific breast cancer-related gene mutations can be carried down from parents to children.
If you received chest radiation treatments as a child or young adult, your chances of developing such cancer would enhance.
Obesity
Periods at a younger age
You will likely develop the disease if you start menopause later in life.
Women who give birth to their first child after the age of 30.
Never having been pregnant.
Hormone replacement therapy after menopause.
Drinking alcohol raises the risk of developing such cancer.

Preventions for Breast Cancer

Such cancer cannot be prevented. A person can, however, take steps to reduce their chances significantly.

By reducing alcohol consumption, for those who drink,
By having a healthy diet rich in fresh fruits and vegetables,
With enough exercise, and
By maintaining a moderate body mass index
By getting regular mammograms
A person thinking about using hormone replacement therapy after menopause should talk to a doctor.
Preventive surgery is also an alternative for people who are at higher risk.

Treatments

Cancer Surgery - Removes the cancerous portion of the breast and an area of normal tissue near the tumor. The two most popular cancer surgeries are -
Mastectomy - In which the entire breast is removed, and
Lumpectomy - In which the tumor and health tissues around it are removed.
Radiation treatment - Delivers controlled doses of radiation to the tumor, killing any remaining cancer cells.
Chemotherapy - kills cancer cells and minimizes recurrence risks.
Hormone therapy - Holds cancer cells from getting the hormones they need to grow.
Targeted drug therapy - uses drugs or other substances to target specific cancer cells with minimal harm to normal cells.
Immunotherapy - Targets and attacks cancer cells using the power of your very own immune system.

Boron Clusters: A New Promising Therapy For Breast Cancer

Boron cluster-containing drugs have a distinct set of molecular interactions that can alleviate the challenges of multidrug resistance and low therapeutic index. Boron clusters can improve many organic formulations by retaining the versatility of their organic counterparts. Furthermore, boron clusters allow for a more directed approach to therapy, potentially improving patient outcomes.

Footnote: Borates Today is an informational site for topics related to Boron and Borates. The views expressed here are not to be construed as professional medical advice. Please consult a medical expert for advice on breast cancer

Brendan McMahon
BORATES TODAY
editor@borates.today