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TRI Pointe Group, Inc. Reports 2018 First Quarter Results

-New Home Deliveries up 22% and New Home Orders up 15% for the Quarter-
-Backlog Dollar Value up 39% on a 24% Increase in Backlog Units-
-Homebuilding Gross Margin Percentage Increased 390 Basis Points to 22.7%-
-Reports Diluted Earnings Per Share of $0.28, up from $0.05 in the Prior Year-

IRVINE, Calif., April 25, 2018 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- TRI Pointe Group, Inc. (the "Company") (NYSE:TPH) today announced results for the first quarter ended March 31, 2018.

Results and Operational Data for First Quarter 2018 and Comparisons to First Quarter 2017

  • Net income available to common stockholders was $42.9 million, or $0.28 per diluted share, compared to $8.2 million, or $0.05 per diluted share
  • New home orders of 1,496 compared to 1,299, an increase of 15%
  • Active selling communities averaged 129.8 compared to 125.5, an increase of 3%
    — New home orders per average selling community were 11.5 orders (3.8 monthly) compared to 10.4 orders (3.5 monthly)
    — Cancellation rate remained flat at 14%
  • Backlog units at quarter end of 2,143 homes compared to 1,734, an increase of 24%
    — Dollar value of backlog at quarter end of $1.4 billion compared to $1.0 billion, an increase of 39%
    — Average sales price in backlog at quarter end of $658,000 compared to $585,000, an increase of 12%
  • Home sales revenue of $582.6 million compared to $392.0 million, an increase of 49%
    — New home deliveries of 924 homes compared to 758 homes, an increase of 22%
    — Average sales price of homes delivered of $630,000 compared to $517,000, an increase of 22%
  • Homebuilding gross margin percentage of 22.7% compared to 18.8%, an increase of 390 basis points
    — Excluding interest and impairments and lot option abandonments, adjusted homebuilding gross margin percentage was 25.2%*
  • SG&A expense as a percentage of homes sales revenue of 12.9% compared to 15.7%, a decrease of 280 basis points
  • Ratios of debt-to-capital and net debt-to-net capital of 42.9% and 36.9%*, respectively, as of March 31, 2018
  • Ended first quarter of 2018 with total liquidity of $917.2 million, including cash of $324.6 million and $592.6 million of availability under the Company's unsecured revolving credit facility
    * See "Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures"

“2018 is off to a great start,” said TRI Pointe Group Chief Executive Officer Doug Bauer. “Earnings per share for the first quarter of 2018 grew more than five-fold on a year-over-year basis, thanks to significant increases in unit deliveries, average sales prices, and homebuilding gross margins. We saw strong demand throughout the quarter, as evidenced by our absorption rate of 3.8 homes per community per month. This demand was broad based, both from a geographic and segmentation standpoint, which enabled us to raise prices in several of our communities and helped offset cost pressures that the homebuilding industry has been facing. Our legacy assets in California continued to deliver strong results for our company, and I am pleased to report that all of our brands posted year-over-year homebuilding gross margin improvement. With excellent momentum on a number of fronts and a 39% increase to quarter-ending backlog on a dollar value basis, TRI Pointe Group is well positioned to achieve its goals in 2018.”

First Quarter 2018 Operating Results

Net income available to common stockholders was $42.9 million, or $0.28 per diluted share, for the first quarter of 2018, compared to net income available to common stockholders of $8.2 million, or $0.05 per diluted share, for the first quarter of 2017.

Home sales revenue increased $190.6 million, or 49%, to $582.6 million for the first quarter of 2018, as compared to $392.0 million for the first quarter of 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to a 22% increase in new home deliveries to 924, and a 22% increase in the average sales price of homes delivered to $630,000, compared to $517,000 in the first quarter of 2017.

New home orders increased 15% to 1,496 homes for the first quarter of 2018, as compared to 1,299 homes for the same period in 2017. Average selling communities increased 3% to 129.8 for the first quarter of 2018 compared to 125.5 for the first quarter of 2017. The Company’s overall absorption rate per average selling community increased 11% for the first quarter of 2018 to 11.5 orders (3.8 monthly) compared to 10.4 orders (3.5 monthly) during the first quarter of 2017.

The Company ended the quarter with 2,143 homes in backlog, representing approximately $1.4 billion. The average sales price of homes in backlog as of March 31, 2018 increased $73,000, or 12%, to $658,000, compared to $585,000 as of March 31, 2017.

Homebuilding gross margin percentage for the first quarter of 2018 increased to 22.7%, compared to 18.8% for the first quarter of 2017. Excluding interest and impairments and lot option abandonments in cost of home sales, adjusted homebuilding gross margin percentage was 25.2%* for the first quarter of 2018, compared to 21.3%* for the first quarter of 2017. The increase in homebuilding gross margin percentage was largely due to the mix of homes delivered, primarily in California.

Selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expense for the first quarter of 2018 decreased to 12.9% of home sales revenue as compared to 15.7% for the first quarter of 2017 primarily due to increased leverage as a result of a 49% increase in home sales revenue. 

“Our performance this quarter is a testament to the quality of our local leadership teams and the emphasis TRI Pointe Group has put on design and innovation,” said TRI Pointe Group Chief Operating Officer Tom Mitchell. “Housing fundamentals remain strong in the markets in which we build, and we’ve been able to capitalize on this strength by making sure we have the right product in the right location. We have empowered our local teams to run their operations in an entrepreneurial manner, and they in turn have embraced TRI Pointe’s unique approach to homebuilding. This dynamic has been our formula for success for several years now, and we believe it will continue into the future.”

* See “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures”

Outlook

For the second quarter of 2018, the Company expects to open 16 new communities, and close out of 19, resulting in 128 active selling communities as of June 30, 2018. In addition, the Company anticipates delivering 50% to 55% of its 2,143 units in backlog as of March 31, 2018 at an average sales price in a range of $620,000 to $630,000. The Company anticipates its homebuilding gross margin percentage will be in a range of 21.0% to 21.5% for the second quarter. Finally, the Company expects its SG&A expense as a percentage of home sales revenue to be in the range of 11.5% to 12.0% for the second quarter.

For the full year 2018, the Company is reiterating its original guidance of growing average selling communities by 5% compared to 2017 and delivering between 5,100 and 5,400 homes at an average sales price of approximately $610,000. The Company is updating its homebuilding gross margin percentage for the full year 2018 to be in the range of 21.0% to 21.5%, raising the low end of its previously stated range of 20.5% to 21.5%. The Company is reiterating its original guidance of SG&A expense as a percentage of home sales revenue to be in the range of 9.9% to 10.3% and its effective tax rate to be in the range of 25% to 26%.

Earnings Conference Call

The Company will host a conference call via live webcast for investors and other interested parties beginning at 10:00 a.m. Eastern Time on Wednesday, April 25, 2018. The call will be hosted by Doug Bauer, Chief Executive Officer, Tom Mitchell, President and Chief Operating Officer and Mike Grubbs, Chief Financial Officer.

Interested parties can listen to the call live and view the related presentation slides on the internet through the Investor Relations section of the Company’s website at www.TRIPointeGroup.com. Listeners should go to the website at least fifteen minutes prior to the call to download and install any necessary audio software. The call can also be accessed by dialing 1-877-407-3982 for domestic participants or 1-201-493-6780 for international participants. Participants should ask for the TRI Pointe Group First Quarter 2018 Earnings Conference Call. Those dialing in should do so at least ten minutes prior to the start. The replay of the call will be available for two weeks following the call. To access the replay, the domestic dial-in number is 1-844-512-2921, the international dial-in number is 1-412-317-6671, and the reference code is #13678166. An archive of the webcast will be available on the Company’s website for a limited time.

About TRI Pointe Group, Inc.

Headquartered in Irvine, California, TRI Pointe Group, Inc. (NYSE: TPH) is among the largest public homebuilders in the United States. The company designs, constructs and sells premium single-family homes through its portfolio of six quality brands across eight states, including Maracay Homes® in Arizona; Pardee Homes® in California and Nevada; Quadrant Homes® in Washington; Trendmaker® Homes in Texas; TRI Pointe Homes® in California and Colorado; and Winchester® Homes in Maryland and Virginia. Additional information is available at www.TRIPointeGroup.com. Winchester is a registered trademark and is used with permission.

Forward-Looking Statements

Various statements contained in this press release, including those that express a belief, expectation or intention, as well as those that are not statements of historical fact, are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements may include, but are not limited to, statements regarding our strategy, projections and estimates concerning the timing and success of specific projects and our future production, land and lot sales, operational and financial results, including our estimates for growth, financial condition, sales prices, prospects, and capital spending. Forward-looking statements that are included in this press release are generally accompanied by words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “future,” “goal,” “guidance,” “intend,” “likely,” “may,” “might,” “outlook,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “strategy,” “target,” “will,” “would,” or other words that convey future events or outcomes. The forward-looking statements in this press release speak only as of the date of this press release, and we disclaim any obligation to update these statements unless required by law, and we caution you not to rely on them unduly. These forward-looking statements are inherently subject to significant business, economic, competitive, regulatory and other risks, contingencies and uncertainties, most of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our control. The following factors, among others, may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements: the effect of general economic conditions, including employment rates, housing starts, interest rate levels, availability of financing for home mortgages and strength of the U.S. dollar; market demand for our products, which is related to the strength of the various U.S. business segments and U.S. and international economic conditions; levels of competition; the successful execution of our internal performance plans, including any restructuring and cost reduction initiatives; global economic conditions; raw material prices; oil and other energy prices; the effect of weather, including the re-occurrence of drought conditions in California; the risk of loss from earthquakes, volcanoes, fires, floods, droughts, windstorms, hurricanes, pest infestations and other natural disasters, and the risk of delays, reduced consumer demand, and shortages and price increases in labor or materials associated with such natural disasters; transportation costs; federal and state tax policies; the effect of land use, environment and other governmental regulations; legal proceedings or disputes and the adequacy of reserves; risks relating to any unforeseen changes to or effects on liabilities, future capital expenditures, revenues, expenses, earnings, synergies, indebtedness, financial condition, losses and future prospects; changes in accounting principles; risks related to unauthorized access to our computer systems, theft of our customers’ confidential information or other forms of cyber-attack; and additional factors discussed under the sections captioned “Risk Factors” included in our annual and quarterly reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The foregoing list is not exhaustive. New risk factors may emerge from time to time and it is not possible for management to predict all such risk factors or to assess the impact of such risk factors on our business.

Investor Relations Contact:

Chris Martin, TRI Pointe Group
Drew Mackintosh, Mackintosh Investor Relations
InvestorRelations@TRIPointeGroup.com, 949-478-8696

Media Contact:
Carol Ruiz, cruiz@newgroundco.com, 310-437-0045

 
KEY OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL DATA
(dollars in thousands)
(unaudited)
 
    Three Months Ended March 31,
    2018   2017   Change
Operating Data:            
Home sales revenue   $ 582,572     $ 392,004     $ 190,568  
Homebuilding gross margin   $ 132,070     $ 73,600     $ 58,470  
Homebuilding gross margin %   22.7 %   18.8 %   3.9 %
Adjusted homebuilding gross margin %*   25.2 %   21.3 %   3.9 %
SG&A expense   $ 75,097     $ 61,349     $ 13,748  
SG&A expense as a % of home sales
   revenue
  12.9 %   15.7 %   (2.8 )%
Net income available to common
   stockholders
  $ 42,880     $ 8,193     $ 34,687  
Adjusted EBITDA*   $ 80,988     $ 27,681     $ 53,307  
Interest incurred   $ 21,520     $ 18,873     $ 2,647  
Interest in cost of home sales   $ 14,229     $ 9,680     $ 4,549  
             
Other Data:            
Net new home orders   1,496     1,299     197  
New homes delivered   924     758     166  
Average sales price of homes delivered   $ 630     $ 517     $ 113  
Average selling communities   129.8     125.5     4.3  
Selling communities at end of period   131     123     8  
Cancellation rate   14 %   14 %   0 %
Backlog (estimated dollar value)   $ 1,409,042     $ 1,014,163     $ 394,879  
Backlog (homes)   2,143     1,734     409  
Average sales price in backlog   $ 658     $ 585     $ 73  
             
    March 31,   December 31,    
    2018   2017   Change
Balance Sheet Data:            
Cash and cash equivalents   $ 324,608     $ 282,914     $ 41,694  
Real estate inventories   $ 3,145,555     $ 3,105,553     $ 40,002  
Lots owned or controlled   28,191     27,312     879  
Homes under construction (1)   2,282     1,941     341  
Homes completed, unsold   201     269     (68 )
Debt   $ 1,473,074     $ 1,471,302     $ 1,772  
Stockholders' equity   $ 1,963,644     $ 1,929,722     $ 33,922  
Book capitalization   $ 3,436,718     $ 3,401,024     $ 35,694  
Ratio of debt-to-capital   42.9 %   43.3 %   (0.4 )%
Ratio of net debt-to-net capital*   36.9 %   38.1 %   (1.2 )%

(1) Homes under construction included 80 and 60 models at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
* See “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures”

 
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share amounts)
 
    March 31,   December 31,
    2018   2017
Assets   (unaudited)    
Cash and cash equivalents   $ 324,608     $ 282,914  
Receivables   55,249     125,600  
Real estate inventories   3,145,555     3,105,553  
Investments in unconsolidated entities   4,699     5,870  
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net   160,827     160,961  
Deferred tax assets, net   73,818     76,413  
Other assets   82,005     48,070  
Total assets   $ 3,846,761     $ 3,805,381  
         
Liabilities        
Accounts payable   $ 76,249     $ 72,870  
Accrued expenses and other liabilities   333,190     330,882  
Senior notes   1,473,074     1,471,302  
Total liabilities   1,882,513     1,875,054  
         
Commitments and contingencies        
         
Equity        
Stockholders' Equity:        
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized; no
   shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2018 and
   December 31, 2017, respectively
       
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized;
   151,922,459 and 151,162,999 shares issued and outstanding at
   March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively
  1,519     1,512  
Additional paid-in capital   792,369     793,980  
Retained earnings   1,169,756     1,134,230  
Total stockholders' equity   1,963,644     1,929,722  
Noncontrolling interests   604     605  
Total equity   1,964,248     1,930,327  
Total liabilities and equity   $ 3,846,761     $ 3,805,381  


CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(unaudited)
 
    Three Months Ended March 31,
    2018   2017
Homebuilding:        
Home sales revenue   $ 582,572     $ 392,004  
Land and lot sales revenue   223     578  
Other operations revenue   598     568  
Total revenues   583,393     393,150  
Cost of home sales   450,502     318,404  
Cost of land and lot sales   503     654  
Other operations expense   602     560  
Sales and marketing   38,283     26,700  
General and administrative   36,814     34,649  
Homebuilding income from operations   56,689     12,183  
Equity in (loss) income of unconsolidated entities   (468 )   138  
Other income, net   171     77  
Homebuilding income before income taxes   56,392     12,398  
Financial Services:        
Revenues   283     241  
Expenses   137     74  
Equity in income of unconsolidated entities   1,002     266  
Financial services income before income taxes   1,148     433  
Income before income taxes   57,540     12,831  
Provision for income taxes   (14,660 )   (4,614 )
Net income   42,880     8,217  
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests       (24 )
Net income available to common stockholders   $ 42,880     $ 8,193  
Earnings per share        
Basic   $ 0.28     $ 0.05  
Diluted   $ 0.28     $ 0.05  
Weighted average shares outstanding        
Basic   151,464,547     158,769,478  
Diluted   152,775,851     159,390,586  


MARKET DATA BY REPORTING SEGMENT & STATE
(dollars in thousands)
(unaudited)
 
    Three Months Ended March 31,
    2018   2017
    New
Homes
Delivered
  Average
Sales
Price
  New
Homes
Delivered
  Average
Sales
Price
New Homes Delivered:                
Maracay Homes   125     $ 468     119     $ 429  
Pardee Homes   274     659     196     427  
Quadrant Homes   83     739     63     633  
Trendmaker Homes   84     490     106     490  
TRI Pointe Homes   269     708     208     629  
Winchester Homes   89     570     66     524  
Total   924     $ 630     758     $ 517  
                 
                 
    Three Months Ended March 31,
    2018   2017
    New
Homes
Delivered
  Average
Sales
Price
  New
Homes
Delivered
  Average
Sales
Price
New Homes Delivered:                
California   400     $ 736     299     $ 570  
Colorado   60     580     30     564  
Maryland   66     544     46     499  
Virginia   23     645     20     582  
Arizona   125     468     119     429  
Nevada   83     503     75     364  
Texas   84     490     106     490  
Washington   83     739     63     633  
Total   924     $ 630     758     $ 517  


MARKET DATA BY REPORTING SEGMENT & STATE, continued
(unaudited)
 
    Three Months Ended March 31,
    2018   2017
    Net New
Home
Orders
  Average
Selling
Communities
  Net New
Home
Orders
  Average
Selling
Communities
Net New Home Orders:                
Maracay Homes   153     13.2     184     16.5  
Pardee Homes   473     32.5     378     28.5  
Quadrant Homes   108     7.0     120     7.5  
Trendmaker Homes   155     29.8     151     32.0  
TRI Pointe Homes   459     33.8     353     29.3  
Winchester Homes   148     13.5     113     11.7  
Total   1,496     129.8     1,299     125.5  
                 
                 
    Three Months Ended March 31,
    2018   2017
    Net New
Home
Orders
  Average
Selling
Communities
  Net New
Home
Orders
  Average
Selling
Communities
Net New Home Orders:                
California   628     44.5     564     41.5  
Colorado   102     7.0     53     5.0  
Maryland   100     9.5     67     8.0  
Virginia   48     4.0     46     3.7  
Arizona   153     13.2     184     16.5  
Nevada   202     14.8     114     11.3  
Texas   155     29.8     151     32.0  
Washington   108     7.0     120     7.5  
Total   1,496     129.8     1,299     125.5  


MARKET DATA BY REPORTING SEGMENT & STATE, continued
(dollars in thousands)
(unaudited)
 
    As of March 31, 2018   As of March 31, 2017
    Backlog
Units
  Backlog
Dollar
Value
  Average
Sales
Price
  Backlog
Units
  Backlog
Dollar
Value
  Average
Sales
Price
Backlog:                        
Maracay Homes   245     $ 123,617     $ 505     313     $ 153,389     $ 490  
Pardee Homes   608     408,324     672     442     248,621     562  
Quadrant Homes   169     138,025     817     158     111,551     706  
Trendmaker Homes   244     134,632     552     208     107,860     519  
TRI Pointe Homes   667     474,240     711     443     283,986     641  
Winchester Homes   210     130,204     620     170     108,756     640  
Total   2,143     $ 1,409,042     $ 658     1,734     $ 1,014,163     $ 585  
                         
                         
    As of March 31, 2018   As of March 31, 2017
    Backlog
Units
  Backlog
Dollar
Value
  Average
Sales
Price
  Backlog
Units
  Backlog
Dollar
Value
  Average
Sales
Price
Backlog:                        
California   894     $ 662,008     $ 741     667     $ 421,381     $ 632  
Colorado   142     81,743     576     82     50,100     611  
Maryland   147     83,339     567     123     73,226     595  
Virginia   63     46,865     744     47     35,530     756  
Arizona   245     123,617     505     313     153,389     490  
Nevada   239     138,813     581     136     61,126     449  
Texas   244     134,632     552     208     107,860     519  
Washington   169     138,025     817     158     111,551     706  
Total   2,143     $ 1,409,042     $ 658     1,734     $ 1,014,163     $ 585  


MARKET DATA BY REPORTING SEGMENT & STATE, continued
(unaudited)
 
    March 31,   December 31,
    2018   2017
Lots Owned or Controlled(1):        
Maracay Homes   3,001     2,519  
Pardee Homes   15,613     15,144  
Quadrant Homes   1,773     1,726  
Trendmaker Homes   1,932     1,855  
TRI Pointe Homes   3,717     3,964  
Winchester Homes   2,155     2,104  
Total   28,191     27,312  
         
         
    March 31,   December 31,
    2018   2017
Lots Owned or Controlled(1):        
California   16,140     16,292  
Colorado   782     742  
Maryland   1,445     1,507  
Virginia   710     597  
Arizona   3,001     2,519  
Nevada   2,408     2,074  
Texas   1,932     1,855  
Washington   1,773     1,726  
Total   28,191     27,312  
         
         
    March 31,   December 31,
    2018   2017
Lots by Ownership Type:        
Lots owned   23,690     23,940  
Lots controlled(1)   4,501     3,372  
Total   28,191     27,312  

(1) As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, lots controlled included lots that were under land option contracts or purchase contracts.

RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
(unaudited)

In this press release, we utilize certain financial measures that are non-GAAP financial measures as defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission. We present these measures because we believe they and similar measures are useful to management and investors in evaluating the Company’s operating performance and financing structure. We also believe these measures facilitate the comparison of our operating performance and financing structure with other companies in our industry. Because these measures are not calculated in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”), they may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for, or superior to, financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP.

The following table reconciles homebuilding gross margin percentage, as reported and prepared in accordance with GAAP, to the non-GAAP measure adjusted homebuilding gross margin percentage. We believe this information is meaningful as it isolates the impact that leverage has on homebuilding gross margin and permits investors to make better comparisons with our competitors, who adjust gross margins in a similar fashion.

     
    Three Months Ended March 31,
    2018   %   2017   %
    (dollars in thousands)
Home sales revenue   $ 582,572     100.0 %   $ 392,004     100.0 %
Cost of home sales   450,502     77.3 %   318,404     81.2 %
Homebuilding gross margin   132,070     22.7 %   73,600     18.8 %
Add: interest in cost of home sales   14,229     2.4 %   9,680     2.5 %
Add: impairments and lot option abandonments   248     0.0 %   288     0.1 %
Adjusted homebuilding gross margin   $ 146,547     25.2 %   $ 83,568     21.3 %
Homebuilding gross margin percentage   22.7 %       18.8 %    
Adjusted homebuilding gross margin percentage   25.2 %       21.3 %    
                     

RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES (continued)
(unaudited)

The following table reconciles the Company’s ratio of debt-to-capital to the non-GAAP ratio of net debt-to-net capital. We believe that the ratio of net debt-to-net capital is a relevant financial measure for management and investors to understand the leverage employed in our operations and as an indicator of the Company’s ability to obtain financing.

         
    March 31, 2018   December 31, 2017
Senior notes   $ 1,473,074     $ 1,471,302  
Total debt   1,473,074     1,471,302  
Stockholders’ equity   1,963,644     1,929,722  
Total capital   $ 3,436,718     $ 3,401,024  
Ratio of debt-to-capital(1)   42.9 %   43.3 %
         
Total debt   $ 1,473,074     $ 1,471,302  
Less: Cash and cash equivalents   (324,608 )   (282,914 )
Net debt   1,148,466     1,188,388  
Stockholders’ equity   1,963,644     1,929,722  
Net capital   $ 3,112,110     $ 3,118,110  
Ratio of net debt-to-net capital(2)   36.9 %   38.1 %

(1) The ratio of debt-to-capital is computed as the quotient obtained by dividing debt by the sum of debt plus equity.
(2) The ratio of net debt-to-net capital is computed as the quotient obtained by dividing net debt (which is debt less cash and cash equivalents) by the sum of net debt plus equity.

RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES (continued)
(unaudited)

The following table calculates the non-GAAP financial measures of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA and reconciles those amounts to net income, as reported and prepared in accordance with GAAP. EBITDA means net income before (a) interest expense, (b) expensing of previously capitalized interest included in costs of home sales, (c) income taxes and (d) depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA means EBITDA before (e) amortization of stock-based compensation, (f) impairments and lot option abandonments and (h) restructuring charges. Other companies may calculate EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA (or similarly titled measures) differently. We believe EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are useful measures of the Company’s ability to service debt and obtain financing.

     
    Three Months Ended March 31,
    2018   2017
    (in thousands)
Net income available to common stockholders   $ 42,880     $ 8,193  
Interest expense:        
Interest incurred   21,520     18,873  
Interest capitalized   (21,520 )   (18,873 )
Amortization of interest in cost of sales   14,242     9,687  
Provision for income taxes   14,660     4,614  
Depreciation and amortization   5,488     822  
EBITDA   77,270     23,316  
Amortization of stock-based compensation   3,470     3,841  
Impairments and lot option abandonments   248     321  
Restructuring charges       203  
Adjusted EBITDA   $ 80,988     $ 27,681  

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