Prions - Global Market Research Report - RI Technologies' Update
Prions research studies are gaining importance. The neurodegenerative diseases in animals and humans caused by prions are fatal and are still incurable to date.
Prion is an infectious protein and the term is derived from the words ‘protein and infection’. Prions are shown to be the cause of diseases like BSE [bovine spongiform encephalopathy] or mad cow disease, scrapie in sheep, CWD [chronic wasting disease] in deer, TME [transmissible mink encepahalopathy] in minks, and CJD [Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease] in man. The disease is characterized by alterations in the physical gait and mental behaviour of the affected individuals who exhibit spongy appearance of the surface of their cerebrum. The disease is lethal and is referred to as transmissible spongiform encephalopathy or TSE.
Global Prion Deactivation Technologies market is projected to reach about US$ 1.4 billion by year end 2015. Global Prion Reduction Filters market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 26.93% during the analysis period of 2005-2020 while
Global BSE Post Mortem market is projected to reach about US$ 2.8 billion by 2020.
Prion diseases such as Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathies (BSE) and the variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) pose considerable health risks to human beings. Animals mostly pass transmissible neurodegenerative diseases to humans through food channels. Scientists have yet to develop a foolproof method for detecting the minor traces of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) infections in meat and milk. Scientists also lack the technology for assessing the progress of these diseases in humans, as the mechanism of infectivity transmission to central nervous system in both man and animal is not yet understood. Therefore, prevention and control of these diseases is proving to be a daunting task.These factors are forcing scientists to comprehensively assess the risks for both animals and humans who may be exposed to the agents of such TSEs. For this, many factors such as regional distribution of the current disease, customs and practices that help in spreading the disease, food chains that help in spreading TSE infections, quantum of infected tissue in human food chain that is potentially hazardous, other contributory factors such as meat production processes, and consumption patterns, incubation time and observations from vCJD cases are collated by scientists.
Prions are classified depending on the resistance that they offer to traditional inactivation practices like dry heat, boiling, irradiation, and chemical treatment. The prion infectivity observed in purified samples is reduced owing to repeated digestion with proteases. Similarly, the results obtained from boiling in sodium dodecyl sulfate and urea also indicate varying values. The other process, which has greatly influenced the inactivation procedure, is the denaturing process. The experiments carried out using organic solvents like phenol or chaotropic reagents have indicated that this process enables inactivation partially. In addition, the various traditional methods available did not help in achieving complete inactivation of prions.
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