Oscar Health, Inc. (“Oscar” or the “Company”) (NYSE: OSCR), a leading healthcare technology company, announced today its financial results for the first quarter ended March 31, 2025.

“Oscar reported strong financial results in the first quarter,” said Mark Bertolini, CEO of Oscar Health. “We delivered continued top-line growth and bottom-line performance with significant year-over-year increases in revenue and net income. We continue to expect meaningful margin expansion this year as we deliver superior value to our members and partners.”

Oscar is reaffirming its full year 2025 outlook across all metrics as provided in its financial results press release dated February 4, 2025.

First Quarter 2025 Key Metrics and Non-GAAP Financial Metrics

• Total revenue was approximately $3.0 billion for the first quarter of 2025, an increase of 42% year-over-year. The increase was primarily due to higher membership.
• The medical loss ratio was 75.4% for the first quarter of 2025 compared to 74.2% for the first quarter of 2024. The company had $31 million unfavorable earnings impact from prior period development in the first quarter of 2025 compared to $9 million favorable earnings impact in the first quarter of 2024. The prior period development in the first quarter of 2025 was driven by an increase to our 2024 Risk Adjustment payable, partially offset by favorable claims runout related to the prior year period and an ACA Marketplace cost sharing reduction recovery accrual related to prior years.
• The SG&A expense ratio was 15.8% for the first quarter of 2025 compared to 18.4% for the first quarter of 2024. The decrease was primarily driven by fixed cost leverage, lower exchange fee rates, and variable cost efficiencies.
• Earnings from operations was $297.1 million for the first quarter of 2025 compared to $185.6 million for the first quarter of 2024. The increase reflects strong operating performance driven primarily by higher membership, fixed cost leverage, and variable cost efficiencies.
• Net income attributable to Oscar Health, Inc. was $275.3 million, or $0.92 of diluted earnings per share, for the first quarter of 2025 compared to $177.4 million, or $0.62 of diluted earnings per share, for the first quarter of 2024.
• Adjusted EBITDA was $328.8 million for the first quarter of 2025, compared to $219.3 million for the first quarter of 2024.

Quarterly Conference Call Details

Oscar will host a conference call to discuss the financial results today, May 7, 2025, at 8:00 a.m. (ET). A live audio webcast will be available via the Investor Relations page of Oscar’s website at ir.hioscar.com. A replay of the webcast will be available for on-demand listening shortly after the completion of the call, at the same web link, and will remain available for approximately 90 days.

Non-GAAP Financial Information

This release presents Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial metric, which is provided as a complement to the results provided in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). A reconciliation of historical non-GAAP financial information to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure is provided in the accompanying tables found at the end of this release. For more information regarding Adjusted EBITDA, please see “Key Operating and Non-GAAP Financial Metrics” below.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements other than statements of historical fact contained herein are forward-looking statements. These statements include, but are not limited to, statements about our financial outlook and estimates, including Total revenue, Medical Loss Ratio, SG&A Expense Ratio, Earnings from Operations, and other financial performance metrics, and the related underlying assumptions,, our business and financial prospects, including potential future growth and margin expansion, and our management’s plans and objectives for future operations, expectations and business strategy. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “could,” “intends,” “targets,” “projects,” “contemplates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “forecast,” “predicts,” “potential,” or “continues” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions. Accordingly, we caution you that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, assumptions, and uncertainties that are difficult to predict and generally beyond our control.

Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable as of the date made, there are or will be important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated in these forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, the following: our ability to execute our strategy and manage our growth effectively (including our ability to successfully integrate strategic acquisitions); our ability to retain and expand our member base; our ability to accurately estimate our incurred medical expenses or effectively manage our medical costs or related administrative costs; our ability to maintain profitability in the future; unanticipated results of or changes to risk adjustment programs; our ability to arrange for the delivery of quality care and maintain good relations with brokers and the physicians, hospitals, and other providers within and outside our provider networks; changes in federal or state laws or regulations (including any changes in the interpretation or enforcement thereof), including changes with respect to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (“ACA”) and any regulations enacted thereunder, non-renewal of the enhanced APTCs, the implementation of new program integrity rules or other government actions, such as the imposition of tariffs; our ability to comply with ongoing regulatory requirements, including capital reserve and surplus requirements and applicable performance standards; changes or developments in the health insurance markets in the United States; our, or any of our vendors’, ability to comply with laws, regulations, and standards related to the handling of information about individuals or applicable consumer protection laws, including as a result of our participation in government-sponsored programs; heightened competition in the markets in which we participate; our ability to utilize quota share reinsurance to meet our capital and surplus requirements and protect against downside risk on medical claims; unfavorable or otherwise costly outcomes of lawsuits, audits, investigations, and other third party claims; incurrence of data security breaches of our and our partners’ information and technology systems; our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel; our ability to detect and prevent material weaknesses or significant control deficiencies in our internal controls over financial reporting or other failure to maintain an effective system of internal controls; adverse publicity or other adverse consequences related to our dual class structure or “controlled company” status; and the other factors set forth under the caption “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), as well as our other filings with the SEC, including our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2025 to be filed with the SEC.

You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements made in this press release. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date as of which it is made, and, except as otherwise required by law, we do not undertake any obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict which will arise.

About Oscar Health

Oscar Health, Inc. (“Oscar”) is a leading healthcare technology company built around a full stack technology platform and a relentless focus on serving our members. We have been challenging the status quo in the healthcare system since our founding in 2012, and are dedicated to making a healthier life accessible and affordable for all. Oscar offers Individual & Family plans and health technology solutions that power the healthcare industry through +Oscar. Our technology drives superior experiences, deep engagement, and high-value clinical care, earning us the trust of approximately 2.0 million members, as of March 31, 2025.

Key Operating and Non-GAAP Financial Metrics

We regularly review the following key operating and Non-GAAP financial metrics, to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends in our business, prepare financial projections, and make strategic decisions. We believe these operational and financial measures are useful in evaluating our performance, in addition to our financial results prepared in accordance with GAAP.

Total Revenue

Total revenue includes Premium revenue, Investment income, and Services and other revenue. We believe Total revenue is an important metric to assess the growth of our business, as well as the earnings potential of our investment portfolio.

Medical Loss Ratio

Medical Loss Ratio is a metric used to calculate medical expenses as a percentage of net premiums before ceded quota share reinsurance. Medical expense primarily consists of both paid and unpaid medical expenses incurred to provide medical services and products to our members. Medical claims include fee-for-service claims, pharmacy benefits, capitation payments to providers, provider disputed claims and various other medical-related costs. The impact of the federal risk adjustment program is included in the denominator of our MLR. We believe MLR is an important metric to demonstrate the ratio of our costs to pay for healthcare of our members to the net premium before ceded quota share reinsurance. MLR in our existing products are subject to various federal and state minimum requirements.

SG&A Expense Ratio

The SG&A Expense Ratio reflects the Company’s selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses, as a percentage of Total revenue. Selling, general and administrative expenses primarily include distribution and servicing costs, premium taxes, exchange fees, and other taxes and fees, employee-related expenses, costs of software and hardware, stock-based compensation, the impact of quota share reinsurance, and other administrative costs. We believe the SG&A Expense ratio is a valuable metric to evaluate our ability to manage our overall selling, general, and administrative cost base.

Earnings from Operations

Earnings from Operations is a new primary metric for assessing operating performance. Earnings from Operations is the Company's Total revenue less Total operating expenses.

Net Income attributable to Oscar Health, Inc.

Net Income attributable to Oscar Health, Inc. is Net earnings allocated to the Company after income attributable to noncontrolling interests. It is a key indicator of the Company’s profitability and operational efficiency, allowing management to evaluate performance and make informed decisions on strategic planning, cost management, and resource allocation.

Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA is defined as Net income (loss) for the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries before interest expense, income tax expense (benefit), and depreciation and amortization, as further adjusted for stock-based compensation and other items that are considered unusual or not representative of underlying trends of our business, where applicable for the period presented. We present Adjusted EBITDA because we believe it is frequently used by securities analysts, investors, and other interested parties in the evaluation of companies in our industry. Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure. Management believes that investors’ understanding of our performance is enhanced by including this non-GAAP financial measure as a reasonable basis for comparing our ongoing results of operations. We caution investors that amounts presented in accordance with our definition of Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similar measures disclosed by our competitors, because not all companies and analysts calculate Adjusted EBITDA in the same manner.

By providing this non-GAAP financial measure, together with a reconciliation to the most comparable U.S. GAAP measure, Net income (loss), we believe we are enhancing investors’ understanding of our business and our results of operations, as well as assisting investors in evaluating how well we are executing our strategic initiatives. Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and should not be considered in isolation, or as an alternative to, or a substitute for Net income (loss) or other financial statement data presented in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements as indicators of financial performance.

Appendix

The Company records Premium revenue net of reinsurance. The following table reconciles total reinsurance premiums ceded and reinsurance premiums assumed, which are included as components of total Premium revenue in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations:

The Company records Medical expenses net of reinsurance recoveries. The following table reconciles total Medical expenses to the amount presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations:

The Company records Selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses net of reinsurance ceding commissions and assumed SG&A expenses. The following table reconciles total Selling, general and administrative expenses to the amount presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations:

The Company classifies Reinsurance recoverable within current assets on its Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The composition of the Reinsurance recoverable balance is as follows:

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